Metal–Ligand Exchange Coupling Promotes Iron-Catalyzed Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Low Overpotentials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biological and heterogenous catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction often exhibit a high degree of electronic delocalization that serves to minimize overpotential and maximize selectivity over hydrogen evolution. Here, we report a molecular iron(II) complex that achieves a similar feat as a result of strong metal–ligand exchange coupling. This interaction promotes an open-shell singlet electronic structure that drives the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO with over 90% selectivity and turnover frequencies of 100,000 s−1 at low overpotentials, with no degradation over 20 hours. The decrease in the thermodynamic barrier engendered by this strong metal–ligand exchange coupling enables homogeneous CO2 reduction catalysis in water without compromising reaction selectivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".