An investigation on fracture toughness of the heat‐affected zone in the welded joints of 13% Cr‐4% Ni martensitic stainless steels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fracture behavior of the welded joints of 13% Cr‐4% Ni stainless steels deposited using multipass flux‐cored arc welding process was examined in both as‐welded and heat‐treated conditions, and JIc tests were performed. A crack starter notch was placed one millimeter far from the fusion line to evaluate the heat‐affected zone (HAZ). Unstable crack propagations toward the weld metal occurred during stable tearing for both as‐welded and heat‐treated HAZ. Only single‐point fracture toughness Ju values could be determined before fracture instability. The fracture toughness of the as‐welded HAZ was about 60% lower than that of the substrate steel but get significantly improved by heat‐treatment, reaching a value even slightly higher than that of the substrate steel. The fracture mode of the stable tearing was transformed from a mix of cleavage and dimpled rupture occurring by micro‐void coalescence mechanism for the as‐welded condition to a totally dimpled rupture in the case of the heat‐treated material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".