Effects of sea louse chemotherapeutants on early life stages of the spot prawn ( <i>Pandalus platyceros</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of five salmon aquaculture anti-sea louse chemotherapeutant active ingredients [azamethiphos (AZ), hydrogen peroxide (HP), emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP) and deltamethrin (DM)] were examined in five life stages (egg, Stage I, Stage III, Stage V and juvenile) of Pacific spot prawn (Pandalus platyceros) for two exposure durations (1-h and 3-h).Endpoints affected by exposures to chemotherapeutants included morbidity in all life stages, egg hatch success, hatchling fitness, latency to moult between successive stages and survival to the juvenile stage.Across life stages, 1-h and 3-h median lethal effect concentrations on morbidity ranged from 73 to 809 mg/L HP; 10-236 µg/L AZ; 321 to >1200 µg/L EB; 0.1 to >5 µg/L CP; and 12 to >1000 ng/L DM.Across endpoints, DM was the most toxic, followed by CP, AZ and EB, followed by HP, which was generally observed to be the least toxic regardless of endpoint examined.The embryo and juvenile life stages were generally more resilient to effects than any larval life stage.Longer duration (3-h) exposures were generally more potent than shorter (1-h) exposures, with up to a threefold greater magnitude of effect when these exposure time frames were compared.Considering predicted environmental concentrations, the estimated greatest risk to ELS spot prawns was observed to be posed by DM, followed by CP, AZ and then EB, with a variable relative risk of HP across different endpoints/life stages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".