Holdfast coalescence between buoyant and non-buoyant seaweeds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some inherently poorly dispersive marine species have surprisingly large or patchy distributions that might be explained by rafting or ‘hitchhiking’. The genus Durvillaea (southern bull kelp) includes both highly buoyant and entirely non-buoyant species. Several of the non-buoyant, poorly dispersive species have puzzling distributions that are hard to explain without invoking long-distance dispersal hypotheses. We propose that these non-dispersive species of Durvillaea may be able to hitchhike with buoyant, dispersive congenerics by interspecific holdfast coalescence. Although many cases of intraspecific holdfast coalescence have been recorded, interspecific coalescence is less well documented. To determine whether interspecific holdfast coalescence occurs in Durvillaea, a rock platform on the south-east coast of New Zealand was surveyed, revealing multiple examples of naturally occurring interspecific holdfast coalescence. Samples were taken from coalesced holdfasts and genetic sequencing was performed to attempt to gauge whether tissue from both species was mixed throughout the holdfast or remained discrete. The discovery of interspecific coalescence between non-buoyant and buoyant Durvillaea raises the possibility that non-buoyant seaweeds may disperse with buoyant congenerics by rafting, and could help explain the distributions of various other non-buoyant macroalgae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".