Clinical features of endophthalmitis clusters after cataract surgery and practical recommendations to mitigate risk: systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intraocular transmission of exogenous pathogens in cataract surgery can lead to endophthalmitis. This review evaluates the features of endophthalmitis clusters secondary to pathogen transmission in cataract surgery. Articles reporting on pathogen transmission in cataract surgery were identified via searches of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL, and a total of 268 eyes from 24 studies were included. The most common source of infectious transmission was attributed to a contaminated intraocular solution (ie, irrigation solution, viscoelastic, or diluted antibiotic; n = 10). Visual acuity at presentation with infectious features was 1.89 logMAR (range: 1.35 to 2.58; ∼counting fingers) and 1.33 logMAR (range: 0.04 to 3.00; Snellen: ∼20/430) at last follow-up. Patients with diabetes had worse outcomes compared with patients without diabetes. The most frequently isolated pathogen from the infectious sources was Pseudomonas sp. (50.0%). This review highlights the various routes of pathogen transmission during cataract surgery and summarizes recommendations for the detection, prevention, and management of endophthalmitis clusters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".