Two-Dimensional Millimeter-Wave Beam-Switching Antenna Using an ELC Meta-Lens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2-D beam switching dipole antenna working at 60 GHz is proposed. To realize this, a folded electric-field coupled (ELC) resonator is designed to achieve a high-refractive-index medium in the band of 57–64 GHz. By integrating an array of ELC resonators in the off-center of a printed dipole antenna in the E- and H-planes forming high-refractive-index medium lenses (metalenses) in each plane, the main beam direction is manipulated to generate 2-D beam switching at 60 GHz. In the final configuration, six slabs each containing three folded ELC inclusions are incorporated vertically in front of the dipole antenna in the azimuth plane to tilt the radiation beam by 25° in the H-plane. In addition, a$2\times5$array of folded ELC resonators is added into the elevation plane of the antenna substrate to deflect the radiated beam in the E-plane by 20°. The measurement results confirm that the radiated beam is tilted by 25° and 20° in the H- and E-planes, respectively, over a frequency band of 57–64 GHz. The measured antenna gain is 10.7 dBi at 61 GHz, the measured reflection coefficient is below −10 dB over 57–64 GHz, and the measured radiation efficiency of the antenna is 82% at 60 GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".