La responsabilidad de las compañías aéreas respecto al transporte aéreo de pasajeros y de sus equipajes en el territorio de la Unión Europea en casos de «accidente», tras la STJUE de 19 de diciembre de 2019 (Asunto C-532/18: Niki Luftfahrt)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolLa siniestralidad derivada de los accidentes aereos y los elevados costes economicos que de ellos se derivaban son los factores determinantes en la configuracion del regimen legal de la navegacion aerea comercial. La normativa que regula la responsabilidad de las companias aereas frente a los pasajeros a nivel internacional es el Convenio de Montreal; siendo de aplicacion el Convenio de Varsovia para aquellos paises que no forman parte del Convenio de Montreal; sin embargo, en ninguna de estas normativas se especifica el concepto de «accidente»; dicha cuestion ha sido analizada por la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea, de 19 de diciembre de 2019 (asunto C-532/18: Niki Luftfahrt) que, ante la falta del concepto de «accidente», plantea una cuestion prejudicial al Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea, que senala que debe interpretarse en el sentido de que el concepto de «accidente», a efectos de dicha disposicion, comprende todas las situaciones que se producen a bordo de una aeronave en las que un objeto utilizado para el servicio a los pasajeros ha causado una lesion corporal a un pasajero, sin que sea necesario dilucidar si estas situaciones derivan de un riesgo tipico de la aviacion. EnglishThe accident rate derived from air accidents and the high economic costs derived from them are the determining factors in the configuration of the legal regime for commercial air navigation. The regulation that regulates the responsibility of airlines towards passengers at the international level is the Montreal Convention; the Warsaw Convention being applicable for those countries that are not part of the Montreal Convention; however none of these regulations specifies the concept of «accident», said issue has been analyzed by the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, of December 19, 2019 (case C-532/18: Niki Luftfahrt) that, in the absence of the concept of «Accident»; raises a question for a preliminary ruling to the Court of Justice of the European Union, which concludes by stating that it must be interpreted in the sense that the concept of «accident», for the purposes of said provision, includes all situations that occur on board of an aircraft in which an object used for passenger service has caused bodily injury to a passenger, without it being necessary to determine whether these situations derive from a r Typical aviation hazard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".