Adaptive Responses of Small-Scale Fisheries to the Vulnerabilities Resulting from Crude Oil Extraction in Western Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Offshore crude oil exploration activities affect marine-based occupations, including fishing. \nThese activities lead to the loss of biodiversity, natural resources, and income. In many areas, \nfishing entrepreneurs/ professionals along the fish value chain have raised concerns ranging \nfrom declining fish catch to loss of properties and restricted access to fishing grounds. These \nissues require attention to promote resilience and support a transition of small-scale fisheries \nfrom vulnerability to viability. Previous research has focused on vulnerabilities fishers face as \na result of crude oil extraction. However, limited knowledge exists on the adaptive responses \nused by small-scale fisheries (SSF) in response to vulnerabilities of crude oil extraction. \nHence, in this research, the study aimed to 1) explore the extent of oil and gas activities in the \nWestern Region of Ghana and the nature of Akwidaa SSF’s in the Western region of Ghana. \nSpecific attention is on the impact of oil and gas activities on fisher livelihoods; 2) investigate \nthe vulnerabilities SSF face due to crude oil production in Ghana; 3) provide an in-depth \nunderstanding of the adaptive responses available to SSF transitioning from vulnerability to \nviability. \nThe study employed a Description and responses and Appraisal for Typology (IADAp-T) \napproach to extensively review and assess existing literature on vulnerabilities affecting SSF, \ntheir institutions, and various adaptation strategies that have been devised in the past in the \nface of growing oil and gas activities. \nThe results from the assessment of past studies revealed that SSF is impacted by conflicts, low \nfish catch and increased social vices. Other impacts include environmental pollution and \nincreased cost of accommodation and living expenses. These impacts have caused loss of income and the inability of SSF to provide for their families. In addition, the decreasing \nstandard of living has led to a loss of livelihood resilience, declining well-being, and lack of \ncapital. \nIn response to these vulnerabilities, fishing groups resort to short- and long-term coping \nstrategies. Livelihood intensification and diversification to enhance fishing efforts have been \nused in the past by fishers. Other adaptive responses include increased access to capital (social, \nnatural, physical, financial, and cultural). Sustainable fisheries policy and participation, \ncommunity mobilization, migration and education have proven successful in responding to \nstressors and enhancing the resilience of small-scale fisheries. The study recommends an \nimproved avenue for representation of SSF in policymaking and development, enhanced \naccess to capitals, capacity building and training and strict environmental regulations to \nimprove well-being and resilience. Further studies on these strategies can strengthen \ncommunities and provide possible pathways for transitioning to viability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".