Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy Effectively Eliminates Streptococcus Oralis Biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: During cancer treatment, oral mucositis due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy often leads to disruption of the oral mucosa, enabling microbes to invade bloodstream. Viridans streptococcal species are part of the healthy oral microbiota but can be frequently isolated from the blood of neutropenic patients. We have previously shown the antibacterial efficacy of dual-light, the combination of antibacterial blue light (aBL) and indocyanine green photodynamic therapy (aPDT). METHODS: Here, we investigated the dual-light antibacterial action against four-day Streptococcus oralis biofilm. In addition, while keeping the total radiant exposure constant at 100J/cm2, we investigated the effect of changing the different relative light energies of aBL and aPDT to the antibacterial potential. RESULTS: The dual-light had a significant antibacterial effect in all the tested combinations. CONCLUSION: Dual-light can be used as an effective disinfectant against S. oralis biofilm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".