Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous work has established associations between senses, such as associations between pitch and spatial height or timbre (the specific sound of a certain instrument) and shape. Specifically, Palmer, Langlois, and Schloss (1) have found associations between the colors yellow and blue and major and minor chords, respectively, that are mediated by emotions. We conducted two experiments to test whether these associations exist on a perceptual level (i.e. associations that can be made without participants consciously thinking about the stimuli). In two experiments, participants were presented with audio-visual pairs of congruent (blue-minor or yellow -major) and incongruent (blue-major or yellow -minor) stimuli. The stimuli were presented one after another and participants were asked to decide which stimulus occurred first. We hypothesized that participants would have lower accuracy for congruent pairs, as perceptual binding would make it more difficult to distinguish the time between each. Experiment 1 tested the associations between color and musical modality with blue and yellow squares for visual stimuli and C major and C minor chords for auditory stimuli. Experiment 2 tested possible associations between emotional visual stimuli (happy and sad faces) and chord modality using the same procedure. We identified the major-happy and minor-sad pairs as congruent and major- sad and minor-happy pairs as incongruent. We were unable to find an effect of congruency in either case. These results suggest that the association between color and music is made based on higher order cognitive processes and does not have a perceptual basis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".