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Record W3200387212

Carta de China: Cuestión de tamaño

2021· article· es· W3200387212 on OpenAlex
Eugenio Bregolat y Obiols

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePolítica exterior · 2021
Typearticle
Languagees
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic Zones and Regional Development
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesChinaPolitical sciencePopulationPhilosophyDemographySociologyLaw
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Se alude a menudo a China como “el gigante asiatico”. Ya Napoleon, haciendo gala de su capacidad de anticipacion geoestrategica, virtud esencial del hombre de Estado, describio China como un “gigante dormido” y aconsejo dejarlo dormir, porque “el dia que despierte, el mundo temblara”. Lee Kuan Yew, dirigente singapurense al que acudian como al Oraculo de Delfos, en especial para preguntar sobre China, todos los presidentes norteamericanos empezando por Richard Nixon (que lo consideraba el estadista que mas le impresiono de todos los que habia conocido), dijo en 2010: “El tamano de China produce tal alteracion en la balanza global que el mundo debe encontrar un nuevo equilibrio en 30 o 40 anos. No se puede pretender que sea un gran jugador mas. Es el mayor jugador de la historia”. Es, ante todo, una cuestion de tamano. Con 9,59 millones de kilometros cuadrados, la extension de China es casi igual a la de Estados Unidos, 9,83 millones, solo superada por Canada (9,87) y Federacion de Rusia (17 millones). Su poblacion era, en 2018, de 1.415 millones: equivalente a las de Norteamerica, Suramerica y Europa juntas. Si en 1970 contaba con 16 ciudades de mas de un millon de habitantes, en 2017 tenia 102 (frente a 46 de EEUU y 55 de Europa). Shenzhen, el fenomeno de desarrollo urbano mas rapido de la historia, paso de 30.000 habitantes en 1980 a mas de 10 millones en 2018. La poblacion urbana china aumento de 171 millones (17,9% del total) en 1978 a 856 millones (59,7%) en 2019. La evolucion del PIB de China en 2020 alcanzo el 73% del de EEUU a precios de mercado y lo supero en un 16% en paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA). La renta per capita china, en PPA, era en 1980 de 302 dolares, frente a…

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.658
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.220 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it