Transparent Wideband Circularly Polarized GNSS Antenna for Vehicular Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a single-layer one-sided wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed transparent circularly polarized (CP) rectangular slot antenna with tilted beam is proposed. The antenna is designed on a glass substrate with a mesh grid in the conductive layer in order to increase the transparency. Since most of the vehicles’ windshields are inclined for about 30 degrees, the beam of the antenna is designed to be tilted for about 30 degrees in elevation. For measurement verification, an inclined stage is fabricated to resemble the inclined surfaces (such as the windshields). The 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 40.8% (1.13 - 1.71 GHz) with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 47.4% (1.06 - 1.72 GHz) and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of about 54% (1.02 - 1.78 GHz ) with a maximum right handed circular polarization (RHCP) gain of 5.3 dBic. Also, the transparency of the antenna is about 95%. Therefore, the antenna is a good candidate for vehicular applications such as location tracking, using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and specifically global positioning systems (GPS). Furthermore, a small-size transparent reflector is designed to be used below the proposed antenna in order to increase the front to back ratio (FBR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".