3-D Analytical Model of Bipolar Coils With Multiple Finite Magnetic Shields for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bipolar pad is one of the most promising topologies in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for electric vehicles. However, there is scant literature on the analytical model of the bipolar pad. In this article, a three-dimensional (3-D) analytical model of the IPT system including a bipolar transmitter and a square receiver is developed based on the superposition of two 2-D subdomain analytical models. Ferrite and the aluminum shields with finite dimension are taken into account on the transmitter and receiver sides. An analytical calculation of the mutual inductance is then carried out with respect to the main parameters of the IPT system, namely the dimension of the coils, the conductivity, and the permeability of the shield. Three study cases are demonstrated to highlight how the proposed method can accelerate speed up the pad design process. Calculation results of the proposed model are compared with both a finite-element analysis (FEA) model and experimental measurements, demonstrating that the proposed model is nine times faster than the FEA method. When comparing with the experimental results, computational error of the proposed model is less than 6% in most of the study cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".