Biochar-based Barricade and Wetland as an Integrated Landfill Leachate Treatment System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Open dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) imposes severe environmental threats in which landfill leachate generation is considered as the predominant. This study aims on treating landfill leachate using a pilot scale biochar based barricade and wetland system. Biochar was derived from MSW of Karadiyana dumpsite, using the pyrolysis barrel method, providing approximately 500°C of pyrolysis temperature within 2 h of time duration. Characterization of biochar was done using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The wetland was constructed using a mixture of biochar and sand in 1:2 volume ratio, whereas the barricade was filled with 7.5 kg biochar and laterite. For additional removal, Canna indica was planted in the wetland. Leachate was diluted in a 1:1 ratio, allowing it to flow through the system at a rate of 10 ml/min. The analysis was continuously carried out for 7 days. The results showed 99.97, 83.95 and 92.73% removal for ammonium-N, phosphate and COD respectively. Thus, suggesting the potential upscaling of the system with further improvements through testing different ratios of biochar and leachate flow rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".