Highly regioselective surface acetylation of cellulose and shaped cellulose constructs in the gas-phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas-phase acylation of cellulose is an attractive method for modifying the surface properties of cellulosics. However, little is known concerning the regioselectivity of the chemistry, in terms of which cellulose positions are preferentially acylated and if acylation can be restricted to the surface, preserving crystallinities/morphologies. Consequently, we reexplore simple gas-phase acetylation of modern-day cellulosic building blocks – cellulose nanocrystals, pulps, regenerated fibre and aerogels. The gas-phase acetylation is shown to be highly regioselective for the C6-OH, is further supported with computational modelling. This contrasts with liquid-state acetylation, highlighting that the gas-phase chemistry is much more controllable, yet with similar kinetics to the uncatalyzed liquid-phase reactions. Furthermore, this method preserves both the native crystalline structure of cellulose and the supramolecular morphologies of even delicate cellulosic constructs (aerogel exhibiting retention of chiral cholesteric liquid crystalline phases). Therefore, we are convinced that this methodology will lead to more rapid adoption of precisely tailored and cellulosic materials
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".