Differential fermentation of raw and processed high-amylose and waxy maize starches in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the colonic fermentation profiles of both high-amylose and waxy maize starches in raw, cooked, and cooked-cooled forms, as measured by changes in short-chain fatty acid production and microbiota composition, using the Mucosal-Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). Adding starch (6 g/L) to basal feed promoted butyrate production in SHIME proximal and distal colon vessels. The cooked high-amylose starch induced the highest butyrate production in both colon vessels, while the cooked waxy starch induced the highest butyrate production in the distal but not the proximal colon vessel. All starch preparations increased Bifidobacteriaceae abundance in the proximal colon vessel (2- to 6-fold) and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The cooked high-amylose starch increased Akkermansiaceae abundance in the distal (2-fold) but not the proximal colon vessel. The results indicate the cooking and cooling effect on starch fermentation outcome in successive colon regions depends on the starch amylose content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".