Effects of Bacillus subtilis, butyrate, mannan-oligosaccharide, and naked oat (ß-glucans) on growth performance, serum parameters, and gut health of broiler chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four nonantibiotic alternative growth promoters for broiler chickens were evaluated. Ross 308 chicks were fed a control diet (mainly corn and soybean meal) or a diet supplemented with a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis Gallipro DSM 17299), encapsulated butyric acid (Novyrate C), mannan-oligosaccharide (Actigen MOS) or formulated with 20% naked oat (starter diet) and 30% naked oat (grower and finisher). The study was carried out as a complete random blocked design with 10 pens for each diet, 45 birds per pen. Compared to the control, the naked oat diet improved the average daily gain by 16% during the starter phase (up to d 10). The probiotic did so during the grower phase as did butyric acid in the finisher phase (up to d 34). For the experiment overall, the probiotic decreased average daily gain slightly. The best improvement in feed conversion ratio was obtained in the butyrate group (5%). No significant treatment effect on crop pH or on mortality was observed. The naked oat diet gave a slightly lower cecum pH on d 34. The MOS supplement decreased jejunal mass on d 34 and increased villus length (34%) and villus height/crypt depth ratio (32%) measured on d 10. Naked oat, butyric acid and MOS diets all reduced serum endotoxin levels. The probiotic increased serum C-reactive protein. All noncontrol diets reduced serum malondialdehyde. The naked oat diet reduced d 34 litter pH by about 0.3. Some effects of the proposed non-antibiotic growth promoters have been observed and could contribute to livestock performance. Their exact modes of action remained to be defined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".