Rh<sub>2</sub>P Nanoparticles Stabilized by Carbon Patches for Hydroformylation of Olefins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rh2P nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified as suitable mimics of [RhI(Ph3P)3]+, the benchmark of homogeneous catalysts in liquid-phase hydroformylation. For this reason, a fitted synthetic strategy is required to develop catalysts based exclusively on Rh2P NPs. To attain this, two synthetic pathways have been devised. In the first one, two separate sources of Rh and P were used. In the second one, the Wilkinson complex was employed as a unique source of Rh and P to probe the positive influence of the well-defined molecular organization on the preparation of dispersed and controlled Rh2P nanoparticles, stabilized by carbon patches formed during the pyrolysis treatment from PPh3. In addition, metallic Rh nanoparticles were also synthesized to be used as reference. All catalysts have been compared by means of: transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy. The application of XAS to the study of Rh2P NPs is unusual and has been essential in the discussion of the results. Starting with a well-defined metal precursor leads to the exclusive formation of Rh2P NPs with excellent catalytic activity for the liquid-phase hydroformylation. The role of P is to modulate the particle size and the electronic configuration of Rh species, resulting in the improvement of the catalytic performance and the obtention of turnover frequencies of 5236 h–1 at 60 °C and 17,788 h–1 at 100 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".