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Record W3202365443 · doi:10.24926/19441992.541

Water Wars: Canada's Upstream Battle to Ban Bulk Water Export

2001· article· en· W3202365443 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Cynthia A. Baumann

Bibliographic record

VenueMinnesota journal of international law · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicAmerican Environmental and Regional History
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBattleUpstream (networking)Environmental scienceInternational tradeBusinessEngineeringHistoryAncient historyTelecommunications

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

WATER WARS some regions, it has been suggested that water will become a "major element that defines national security." 9 The security problem is particularly serious in the Middle East, where many water sources are shared, and use exceeds renewable supplies.Jordan and Israel have been able to satisfy about twenty percent of their water needs with their shared non-renewable ground water resources. 10 Similarly, Saudi Arabia's water reserves may be depleted within fifty years. 1 In the United States, the problem is most notable in the Southwest, an arid region with poor water supplies and increasing development. 12 Scarcity is certainly an issue, but only one part of the problem.Misuse of water is a more critical issue.For example, in California the agricultural industry uses eighty percent of the state's water resources to grow "low-value and water-intensive" crops in the desert. 3 Another part of the problem is waste.Canadian residents, for example, consume over 300 liters per percent is potable.See Ontario wants U.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.467
Threshold uncertainty score0.993

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0130.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.187
Teacher spread0.182 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations7
Published2001
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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