Bibliographic record
Abstract
some regions, it has been suggested that water will become a "major element that defines national security."9 The security problem is particularly serious in the Middle East, where many water sources are shared, and use exceeds renewable supplies.Jordan and Israel have been able to satisfy about twenty percent of their water needs with their shared non-renewable ground water resources.10 Similarly, Saudi Arabia's water reserves may be depleted within fifty years. 1 In the United States, the problem is most notable in the Southwest, an arid region with poor water supplies and increasing development.12 Scarcity is certainly an issue, but only one part of the problem.Misuse of water is a more critical issue.For example, in California the agricultural industry uses eighty percent of the state's water resources to grow "low-value and water-intensive" crops in the desert.3 Another part of the problem is waste.Canadian residents, for example, consume over 300 liters per percent is potable.See Ontario wants U.S. to Join Ban on Exports of Water, LONDON
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.014 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".