SURVIVAL AND PROLIFERATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER IN ALBUMEN, YOLK, AND SHELL MEMBRANES OF BROILER BREEDER HATCHING EGGS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fertile eggs were collected from 47-week-old broiler breeder hens, brought to the laboratory, and separated in 3 segments: albumen, yolk and membranes. Membranes were peeled away from the shell and wiped with 10.0 mL of buffered peptone. Initial pH of albumen and yolk was determined, but no pH was determined for the membranes due to settling of the membrane to the bottom of the tube. Then each segment was stored under refrigeration (4°C), at room temperature (22°C) and in an incubator (37°C) for 2 and 7 d with pH's taken at each time interval. Five replications (individual eggs) were taken. In addition, an inoculum of 3.4 A— 102/mL of a gentamicin-resistant Campylobacter coli was added to each segment of the egg and incubated at 22°C for 3 h; then C. coli was enumerated. Three full replications were conducted. Initial pH was 8.7 and 6.1 for the albumen and yolk. After 48 h at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C, the pH of the albumen, yolk and membrane were 9.0, 9.2, 9.4; 6.3, 7.1, 7.2; 8.2, 8.6, 8.4, respectively. When 2.53 log10 of C. coli was inoculated into albumen, yolk and membrane, the numbers increased in all 3 and were log10 3.0, 2.94, and 2.82, respectively. This demonstrates that Campylobacter not only survives in the different portions of the fertile egg but multiplies slightly, thereby strengthening the argument that Campylobacter may pass from one generation to the next via the fertile egg.Fertile eggs were collected from 47-week-old broiler breeder hens, brought to the laboratory, and separated in 3 segments: albumen, yolk and membranes. Membranes were peeled away from the shell and wiped with 10.0 mL of buffered peptone. Initial pH of albumen and yolk was determined, but no pH was determined for the membranes due to settling of the membrane to the bottom of the tube. Then each segment was stored under refrigeration (4°C), at room temperature (22°C) and in an incubator (37°C) for 2 and 7 d with pH's taken at each time interval. Five replications (individual eggs) were taken. In addition, an inoculum of 3.4 A— 102/mL of a gentamicin-resistant Campylobacter coli was added to each segment of the egg and incubated at 22°C for 3 h; then C. coli was enumerated. Three full replications were conducted. Initial pH was 8.7 and 6.1 for the albumen and yolk. After 48 h at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C, the pH of the albumen, yolk and membrane were 9.0, 9.2, 9.4; 6.3, 7.1, 7.2; 8.2, 8.6, 8.4, respectively. When 2.53 log10 of C. coli was inoculated into albumen, yolk and membrane, the numbers increased in all 3 and were log10 3.0, 2.94, and 2.82, respectively. This demonstrates that Campylobacter not only survives in the different portions of the fertile egg but multiplies slightly, thereby strengthening the argument that Campylobacter may pass from one generation to the next via the fertile egg.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".