Neurostructural differences associated with self‐harm in youth bipolar disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at greatly elevated risk for suicide. Self‐harm, encompassing all self‐injurious behaviors regardless of suicidal intent, is among one of the greatest risk factors for death by suicide. This study aims to extend the sparse literature regarding the neurostructural correlates of self‐harm in youth with BD. Methods Participants included 156 youth (17.14 ± 1.61 years): 38 BD with lifetime history of self‐harm (BD SH+ ), 43 BD without history of self‐harm (BD SH− ), and 75 healthy controls (HC). Measures of cortical thickness, surface area (SA), and volume were obtained using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Orbitofrontal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices were examined in region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses, complemented by exploratory vertex‐wise analyses using a general linear model controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Results In ROI analyses, there were no between‐group differences after correction for multiple comparisons. Vertex‐wise analysis revealed three significant clusters in precentral gyrus SA, inferior temporal gyrus SA, and caudal middle frontal gyrus volume. Post‐hoc vertex‐wise analyses showed BD SH+ had lower cortical SA and volume compared with both BD SH− and HC for all clusters. Conclusions Significant vertex‐wise findings were observed in frontotemporal regions relevant to BD and self‐harm, with smaller neurostructural measures among BD SH+ compared with both BD SH− and HC. Future studies are needed to evaluate the temporal nature of the relationship of these neurostructural differences (i.e., potential risk indicators) to self‐harm and to identify mechanisms underlying these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".