Effect of Freeze Pipe Eccentricity in Selective Artificial Ground Freezing Applications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Building concentric tubes is one of biggest practical challenges in the construction of freeze-pipes of selective artificial ground freezing (S-AGF) applications for underground mines. In this study, the influence of tubes eccentricity on phase-front expansion (i.e., expansion of the frozen body) and energy consumption of S-AGF systems is analyzed. A 1 + 1D semi-conjugate model that solves two-phase transient energy conservation equation is derived based on the enthalpy method. The 1 + 1D model is first validated against experimental data and then verified with a fully conjugate model from our previous work. After that, the 1 + 1D model is extended to a field-scale of typical underground mines to examine the effect of freeze-pipe eccentricity. The results show that concentric freeze-pipes form the desired frozen ground volume 17% faster than eccentric freeze-pipes. Also, the geometrical profile of the phase-transition front of the frozen ground is found to be significantly influenced by the freeze-pipe eccentricity. Furthermore, in the passive zone, where S-AGF coolants are isolated from the ground to reduce energy consumption, freeze-pipe eccentricity can increase the coolant heat gain by 20%. This percentage can increase up to 200% if radiation heat transfer is minimized.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it