The association of lower trunk muscle strength with low back pain in elite lightweight judokas is dependent on lumber spine abnormalities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lumbar radiological abnormalities (LRA) and trunk muscle weakness are major causes of the low back pain (LBP). We reported that the prevalence of LRA was approximately 90% in middle- and heavyweight-judokas, independent to the occurrence of LBP. However, the trunk muscle weakness, especially the rotators, plays a key role in occurrence of LBP in heavyweight judokas. OBJECTIVE: To examine the trunk muscle strength (TMS) and LRA impact on LBP occurrence in lightweight judokas. METHOD: The strength of the trunk extensors, flexors, and rotators was measured in 32 lightweight male judokas. LBP and LRA were identified using a questionnaire, X-ray, and MRI. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of LBP and LRA were 40.6% and 62.5%, respectively, without any significant correlation. Among judokas without LRA, TMS of those with LBP were significantly lower than those without LBP ([Formula: see text] 0.05, the extensor; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.38, 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.78, and 120[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.37, flexor; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.48, dominant rotator; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.66, and 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.87, non-dominant rotator; 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.17, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.55). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between LBP severity and TMS ([Formula: see text] 0.05, the extensor; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.63, dominant rotator; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.648, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.621) in judokas without LRA. CONCLUSION: Weak trunk musculature may be a co-factor in the occurrence of LBP in lightweight judokas without LRA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".