Spatial variation and transport of abundant copepod taxa in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in autumn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The spatial distribution of zooplankton is influenced by complex interactions among population dynamics, vertical positioning and advection. We used empirical observations and particle tracking simulations to investigate variation in horizontal distribution of Calanus spp. and three neritic copepod taxa (Acartia spp., Pseudocalanus sp. and Temora longicornis) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL) in October 2018. These copepods are potential prey for fish and the endangered North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis. We quantified horizontal variation in abundance from a plankton survey, and obtained vertical distributions from a subset of locations and a process study conducted over ~1 day. Horizontal distributions of Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus sp. were widespread, whereas those of Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis were centred in the interior of the sGSL and those of Acartia spp. and T. longicornis were centred on the western side. Horizontal distributions of C. hyperboreus–C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus–Pseudocalanus sp. pairs were highly correlated. Contrasting distributions among C. finmarchicus and its congeners reflect interspecific differences in life history strategy and its interaction with ocean circulation. In autumn, a shift to increased current strength and flow-through circulation may lead to enhanced losses of Calanus spp. in the absence of upstream replenishment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".