Section 35 of the Canadian Constitution Act and Indigenous Self-Determination in Canada: L’article 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle canadienne et l’autodétermination des autochtones au Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reprinted from Vol. 6 (2021). Original Article: https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/psur/index.php/psur/article/view/183 English This research paper analyzes the impacts of Section 35 of the Canadian Constitution on the enhancement of Indigenous rights in Canadian politics. As outlined in Section 35, Indigenous rights are recognized as existing prior to the Constitution Act of 1982 and the identities of Aboriginal, Inuit and Metis peoples are defined. Academic literature, television broadcasts, and personal accounts of the implementation and effects of Section 35 were used to conduct this research and investigate the origins of this section in the Constitution. Notably, this analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of Section 35 in the Constitution has led to more public discussion and court cases to claim treaty rights by Indigenous peoples.The effect of including Indigenous rights in the Canadian Constitution has expanded the role of the courts in adjudicating relations between the Canadian government and Indigenous people, effectively expanding the accountability of the Canadian government to upholding treaty rights. Overall, the findings of this paper were that Section 35 plays a large role in promoting awareness of reconciliation to the Canadian public, however, it stops short of including Indigenous people as meaningful participants in their own self-determination. Francais Ce document de recherche analyse les impacts de l’article 35 de la Constitution canadienne sur l’amelioration des droits autochtones dans la politique canadienne. L’article 35 reconnait que les droits des autochtones existaient avant la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 et definit l’identite des peuples autochtones, inuits et metis. Des ouvrages universitaires, des emissions de television et des recits personnels sur la mise en œuvre et les effets de l’article 35 ont ete utilises pour mener cette recherche et etudier les origines de cet article dans la Constitution. Cette analyse a notamment demontre que l’inclusion de l’article 35 dans la Constitution a donne lieu a un plus grand nombre de debats publics et d’actions en justice visant a revendiquer les droits issus de traites des peuples autochtones. L’inclusion des droits autochtones dans la Constitution canadienne a eu pour effet d’elargir le role des tribunaux dans le reglement des relations entre le gouvernement canadien et les peuples autochtones, ce qui a eu pour effet d’accroitre la responsabilite du gouvernement canadien en matiere de respect des droits issus de traites. Dans l’ensemble, les conclusions de ce document sont que l’article 35 joue un role important dans la sensibilisation du public canadien a la reconciliation, mais qu’il ne permet pas aux peuples autochtones de participer de maniere significative a leur propre autodetermination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".