Intra-Group Orca Call Rate Modulation Estimation Using Compact Four Hydrophones Array
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acoustic emissions are vital for orca ( Orcinus orca ) socializing, hunting, and maintaing spatial awareness. Studying the acoustic emissions of orcas on an individual basis often results in interference with their natural behaviors through mounting tags or following by boat. In order to analyze their inter- and intra-group communication, we propose a study allowing us to associate vocalizations with their emitter (matriline and when possible individual). Such a non-interfering device for allocating calls to individual orcas could substantially boost our understanding of their complex acoustic world. Our experimental protocol was based on a compact array of four hydrophones fixed near the shore, operable up to 1 km away from the path of orcas. It was used during summer 2019 at the research station OrcaLab, northern Vancouver Island, Canada. A total of 722 calls were extracted, jointly with visual identification and azimuth of surfacing orcas, allowing validation of the acoustic diarization and azimuth estimations of the orca calls. We then calculated the Call Rate (CR) for each matriline or when possible individual in order to describe their acoustic activity. Preliminary results show that CR could be modulated according to the distance of the signaler from a group, the presence of another group, or anthropic pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".