Державне стимулювання альтернативної енергетики: порівняльно-правовий аналіз
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hryhorieva K. State stimulationof alternative energy: comparativeand legal analysisThe article examines the systemsof state and legal incentives foralternative energy in differentcountries (EU, USA, Canada,Latin America, Australia, Malaysia,Indonesia). An unresolved problemhas been formulated, which is thelack of proper argumentation of theput forward political thesis about theneed to abandon the «green» tariff asthe main mechanism for supportingalternative energy, following theexample of other countries. With theactive use of the comparative legalmethod of scientific research, severalimportant conclusions were drawn.Each country has its own uniquelegislative provision of alternativeenergy, which confirms the opinionthat there are no better or worselegal models of such incentives – it isappropriate to talk about more optimaland less optimal legal mechanismsfor a particular country. Despite thediversity of alternative energy supportsystems, certain common features ofsuch legislation have been identified:a) the wide variety of approaches tothe promotion of alternative energy inthe world can be reduced to several keylegal mechanisms; b) a combination ofa certain dominant legal mechanism(most often it is a «green» tariff) anda number of additional ancillary legalincentive mechanisms; c) evolutionarytransformation of the system ofstimulation of alternative energy,which goes through several successivestages (levels). The generalizationof the experience of many countriesthat develop alternative energy,demonstrates the patterns of gradualevolution of such support, whichconsists in the multilevel developmentof the incentive system, namely:a) state incentives of the first level(economic); b) state incentives ofthe second level (environmental);c) state incentives of the third level(climate protection).Based on theidentified pattern, we can concludethat the Ukrainian legislation inthe field of alternative energydemonstrates an atypical regressivedevelopment, during which therewas no evolutionary transition to thenext (environmental) level of stateincentives. That is why the equationfor other countries that reduce greentariffs and/or change them by otherlegal mechanisms is not scientificallysubstantiated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".