Enduring unfreedom: law and the state in Trinidadian sugar production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the context of sugar production in Trinidad, the dissertation examines the role of law and the state in the incorporation of unfree labour during the colonial and early post-colonial period. In orienting the analytical focus to account for the human agency and resistance of sugar workers, the dissertation finds that law and the state channel worker opposition into processes or pathways of exit. These exit processes mediate the shifts within, and transitions between, unfree labour regimes. Three key observations emerge from the historical analysis. First, the "mobilize to immobilize" dynamic, which describes how legal regimes tightly structured the movement and relocation of unfree sugar workers, represents a broad and generalizable phenomenon. Second, the "pathways to exit" illustrate the ways that law channels opposition and shapes expectations. Third, the recurring demands of "recruitment" and "retention" made by owners, demonstrates how aggregated capital's need for labour power extraction is internalized within and facilitated by the state. In constituting the conditions and relations of unfree labour, law and the state render unfree labour an enduring (if strategic) feature of capitalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".