PSIII-20 Antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of generic Escherichia coli from encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and citral fed-broiler chicken
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study investigated effects of in-feed encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and citral (CIT) alone or in combination (CIN+CIT) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of E. coli isolated from feces of 6-, 16-, 23- and 27-days old broiler chickens. Five dietary treatments included the basal diet (NC), the basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm bacitracin (BAC), 100 ppm encapsulated CIN, CIT, or CIN+CIT. Antimicrobial susceptibility using a Sensititre method of 240 E. coli isolates showed that the most frequent resistances were against b-lactam, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide and tetracycline, however, the prevalence of AMR decreased (P < 0.05) when birds aged. The prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and sulfonamide was lower (P < 0.05) in isolates from CIN or CIN+CIT compared to those from NC or BAC. The whole-genome sequencing analysis of 227 of the 240 isolates detected 26 AMR genes (ARGs) and 19 plasmids but the prevalence of some ARGs and plasmid numbers were lower (P < 0.05) in E. coli isolated from CIN or CIN+CIT than NC or BAC. The most prevalent resistance genes included tet(A) (n = 108), aac3_Vla (n = 91), aadA1 (n = 86), blaCMY-2 (n = 78), sul1 (n = 77), aph3_lb (n = 58), aph6_ld (n = 58), and sul2 (n = 24). Interestingly, the number of most virulence genes (VGs) increased (P < 0.05) over time from 6 to 27 days of age. The prevalence of isolates of serotype O21:H16 was lower (P < 0.05) in CIN and CIN+CIT while colibacillosis-associated multi-locus sequence typing (ST117) was the most prevalent in isolates from day 23. A whole genome-based phylogenetic tree revealed a close relationship of 25 of 227 isolates to human or broiler extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. This study indicates that AMR and virulence genotypes of E. coli could be modulated by encapsulated CIN or CIN+CIT feed supplementations and prompt further investigations on the involved mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".