Screening on Collect Students: Postural Risk Factors of Spinal Musculoskeletal Problems and Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Overuse of electronic products and decrease in levels of physical activity may lead to an increased incidence of spinal health problems in college students. This study aims to 1) identify the incidence of spinal health problems in college students, 2) to explore the key postural factors in development of spinal musculoskeletal dysfunction and scoliosis, and 3) to clarify new strategies for early identification and prevention of scoliosis. Methods: A cross-sectional screening by static posture assessment, selective functional movement assessment (SFMA) and Adam's Forward Bend Test, was conducted to 306 college students from October to December 2019. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis were performed on the collected data. Results: Static postural assessment was completed among 306 college students, 53% of students’ external auditory meatus and acromioclavicular joint were not in the same gravitational line, 45% had forward-head posture, 42% had uneven shoulders. When performing SFMA, we found spinal musculoskeletal dysfunctions, including abnormalities of multi-segment spine flexion (32%), cervical rotation to right (18%), cervical rotation to left (16%), etc. In Adam's Forward Bend Test, 10.78% had a positive result, which suggested structural or functional scoliosis. Correlation analysis showed that the top three postural factors related to spinal musculoskeletal dysfunctions included uneven shoulders, forward-head, position of thorax and pelvis rotated. And top three postural factors related to scoliosis were spinous processes line deviating from midline, winged scapula and head rotation off midline. Logistic regression analysis displayed that there are two high risk factors for scoliosis, including external auditory meatus and acromioclavicular joint not in the same vertical line (OR = 6.314), and deviation of spinous processes line (OR = 12.743). Conclusions: Poor posture, spinal musculoskeletal dysfunction and scoliosis affect a significant proportion of college students. While their spinal musculoskeletal dysfunction and scoliosis are closely related to poor posture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".