The Wake Dynamics Behind a Near-Wall Square Cylinder
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Particle image velocimetry is used to experimentally study the wake dynamics behind a near-wall square cylinder subjected to a thick oncoming turbulent boundary layer. The turbulent boundary layer thickness was 3.6 times the cylinder height (h) while the Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity and the cylinder height was 12,750. The gap distance (G) between the bottom face of the cylinder and the wall was varied, resulting in gap ratios (G/h) of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0. The effects of varying the gap ratio on the mean flow, Reynolds stresses, triple velocity correlation, two-point autocorrelation, and the unsteady wake characteristics were examined. The results indicate that as gap ratio decreases, asymmetry in the wake flow becomes more pronounced, and the size of the mean separation bubbles increases. The magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses and triple velocity correlations generally decrease with the decreasing gap ratio. Moreover, the size of the large-scale structures increases with decreasing gap ratio, and the critical gap ratio, below which Kármán vortex shedding is suppressed, is found to be 0.3. The dominant Strouhal number in the wake flow expressed in terms of the streamwise mean velocity at the cylinder vertical midpoint increases as gap ratio decreases while that based on the freestream velocity is less sensitive to gap ratio for the offset cases (G/h > 0).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it