Characterization of a Pulsed Nanosecond High-Pressure Nitrogen Discharge for Ammonia Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of ammonia, an essential precursor to fertilizer, is currently achieved via the Haber-Bosch process and represents nearly 2% of annual global energy consumption [1]. Thus, new energy efficient and high yield ammonia production methods are of great interest. According to Le Chatelier 's principle, ammonia production requires low temperature and high pressure conditions [2]. Non-thermal plasma creates an ideal high-energy environment necessary to break nitrogen and hydrogen molecules to produce ammonia. However, maintaining a low temperature non-thermal plasma of useful volume at high pressure is exceedingly difficult. Common power supplies are unable to deliver the energy necessary to sustain a non-thermal plasma above atmospheric pressure. Therefore, this study required the use of a homemade high voltage double polarity nanosecond-pulsed power supply to sustain a non-thermal plasma at high pressure. The highvoltage pulses were delivered simultaneously at nanosecond intervals, therefore preventing the streamer-to-spark transition and favoring low temperature conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".