A 6.89-MHz 143-nW MEMS Oscillator Based on a 118-dBΩ Tunable Gain and Duty-Cycle CMOS TIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a 6.89 MHz MEMS oscillator based on an ultra-low-power, low-noise, tunable gain/duty-cycle transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a bulk Lamé-mode MEMS resonator that has a quality factor (Q) of 3.24 × 106. Self-cascoding and current-starving techniques are used in the TIA design to minimize the power consumption and tune the duty-cycle of the output signal. The TIA was designed and fabricated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS process technology. Its open-loop performance has been measured separately. It achieves a tunable gain between 107.9 dBΩ and 118.1 dBΩ while dissipating only 143 nW from a 1 V supply. The duty-cycle of the output waveform can be tuned from 23.25% to 79.03%. The TIA has been interfaced and wire bonded in a series-resonant oscillator configuration with the MEMS resonator and mounted in a small cavity standard package. The closed-loop performance of the whole oscillator has been experimentally measured. It exhibits a phase noise of −128.1 dBc/Hz and −133.7 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offsets, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".