Masters Athlete Screening Study (MASS): incidence of cardiovascular disease and major adverse cardiac events over five years of screening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The long-term implications of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in masters athletes, and whether screening decreases their risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the incidence of CVD and MACE over five years of a screening study. Methods Masters athletes (≥35 years) from a variety of sports without previous history of coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent yearly cardiovascular screening. The screen consisted of anthropometrics, blood pressure, resting electrocardiogram, modified American Heart Association 14-element recommendations, cardiovascular event questionnaire, physical examination (year 1) and Framingham Risk Score (years 1–3). Participants with an abnormal screen according to the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Canadian Cardiology Society Guidelines underwent further evaluations (computed coronary tomography angiography was not included for all athletes but based on clinical assessment). Participants who withdrew during the study received a follow-up questionnaire to determine MACE and vital status. Results In the first year of the Masters Athlete Screening Study, 798 masters athletes (62.7% male, 54.6±9.5 years) were screened; 91 (11.4%) of the cohort were found to have CVD. CAD was the most common diagnosis (69.2%). During the following four years, there were an additional 89 CVD diagnoses with an incidence rate of 3.58/100, 4.14/100, 3.74/100, 1.19/100, for years two to five, respectively. Fifteen participants had more than one diagnosis. The most common diagnoses over the five years were arrhythmias (n=33; 37.1%), aortic dilatation (n=20; 22.5%), CAD (n=18; 20.2% (5 obstructive, 13 non-obstructive)) and other (n=7; 7.9%) (myocarditis (n=2), myocardial bridging (n=1), cerebrovascular disease (n=1), dilated cardiomyopathy (n=1), probable Long QT syndrome (n=1), papillary fibroelastoma (n=1)). A total of 10 MACE occurred (two cardiovascular deaths, five myocardial infarctions and three cerebrovascular accidents). All events occurred in male athletes (63.6±12.5 years). Out of the 136 participants that received the lost to follow-up questionnaire, 101 (74.3%) completed it. Of those, one male athlete underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The incidence of MACE over the study period was 0.30/100 athletes per year. Conclusion Yearly cardiovascular screening of masters athletes identified ∼3 new diagnoses per 100 athletes per year. Ten MACE occurred despite yearly screening and high CV fitness of masters athletes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): MITACs and CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".