Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: scientific consensus statement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a preprint of a manuscript "Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: scientific consensus statement," submitted to Environmental Health on June 7, 2019. Abstract Food packaging, as the most eminent type of food contact article, is of high societal use because it conserves and protects food, makes food transportable and conveys important information to consumers. It is also very relevant for marketing, which is of economic significance. Other types of food contact articles, such as storage containers, processing equipment and filling lines, are also important for modern food production and food supply. Food contact articles are made up of one or multiple different food contact materials and consist of food contact chemicals. Food contact chemicals transfer from all types of food contact materials and articles into food and, consequently, into humans. Here we summarize the scientific data and findings showing that food contact materials and articles are a relevant exposure pathway for known hazardous substances as well as for a plethora of toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals, both intentionally and non-intentionally added in food packaging. We describe areas of certainty, like the fact that chemicals migrate from food contact articles into food, and uncertainty, for example concerning the presence of unidentified migrating chemicals. In addition, we provide recommendations for research and policy, for example the testing of finished food packaging for chemical hazards. Our aim is to support science-based decision making in the interest of improving public health. Notably, reducing exposure to hazardous food contact chemicals contributes to the prevention of associated chronic diseases in the human population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.158 | 0.179 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.011 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.030 | 0.033 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".