Effects of season, bottom substrate and population dynamics on fish communities in shallow subarctic northeast Atlantic waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fish communities in the shallow waters (9–20 m depth) of outer Malangen (69o N), Northern Norway was studied to investigate effects of season, bottom substrate associations and population dynamic parameters on the fish assemblages. In four fieldtrips during one year at four locations, fish were sampled by trammel nets and bottom substrate composition was monitored by underwater video. A total of 16 species of fish were caught, including four species from Pleuronectidae and six from the Gadidae family. Cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) was the most numerous species followed by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758), lemon sole (Microstomus kitt Walbaum, 1792) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus Linnaeus, 1758). Cod dominated the catches in all months except March, in which plaice and other flatfishes were most dominant. On a community scale, fish species richness was highest in October and lowest in March. Furthermore, the species richness and diversity were generally higher at locations with greater bottom substrate evenness. Cod showed a positive association with large macroalgae coverage and were less numerous at locations dominated by sand and pebble. Plaice and common dab (Limanda limanda Linnaeus, 1758) showed positive associations with sand and pebble coverage, while lemon sole was more associated with maerl beds, cobble and low algae coverage. Only halibut younger than 8 years of age were observed, and the sampling areas are suggested to be nursery area for this species. Von Bertalanffy growth functions were estimated for cod, plaice and lemon sole, and the growth coefficient K of cod and plaice were higher than for populations from adjacent fjords or the North Sea populations. Total mortality rates of cod and plaice were lower than for areas further south, and this may contribute to high and relative stable biomasses in the shallow Malangen area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".