Bibliographic record
Abstract
Barley is a cereal crop belonging to Genus Hordeum of the family of Gramineae with the Latin name as Hordeum vulgare L., is one of the first domesticated grains of the Fertile Crescent. The latest research shows that Tibet is not the center of world barley evolution, meaning that the Fertile Crescent is the only recognized center of world barley evolution. Between 5 000 BC and 1 500 BC, the Old World experienced a historical process that could be called “Food Globalisation in Prehistory”, and barley was spread to all parts of the world. The era and route from the Fertile Crescent to the west to Europe have been discussed by scholars and reached a consensus. The era and route of spreading eastward to China and India are still controversial due to lack of corresponding evidence. Especially regarding the route of barley to China. Recently, scholars from universities such as the University of Washington conducted radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis of 70 barley samples from China and surrounding areas to determine the age of each sample. It was determined that at least in 2 000 BC, barley was introduced to China, but it was introduced. The route in China is still undetermined.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".