Relationships of automatic associations, affect, and outcome expectations with adolescents’ impulsive decision to opt into physical activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study examined whether adolescents’ health and social/appearance automatic associations for physical activity (PA) and the self-reported psychosocial variables of outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and positive body image predicted their impulsive decision to opt into a hypothetical PA programme. Eighty high school students (15.84 ± 1.12 years; 47.5% female) were cluster random assigned by classroom to one of two groups. All participants completed two automatic association tasks followed by a questionnaire about their outcome expectations of PA, self-efficacy for exercise, positive body image, and PA behaviour. Participant groups then received a presentation about a hypothetical programme that emphasised either individualised, health-focused PA (n = 39) or group, social-focused PA (n = 41). Participants were pressured to provide a rapid, impulsive response regarding interest in participation. Participants automatically associated positive health words and positive social/appearance words with PA. There was a significant difference between groups in their responses to the hypothetical PA programme; participants who received the health-focused PA description were 3.59 times more likely to opt into the programme than those who received the social-focused PA description. Furthermore, positive automatic health associations and higher expectations of stress management outcomes predicted impulsively opting into the PA programme. Adolescents automatically associate both positive health outcomes and positive social/appearance outcomes with PA. Automatic health associations and stress management outcome expectations were predictors of opting into PA. Presenting PA as an opportunity to focus on one’s individual fitness goals and the health benefits, particularly the stress-reducing effects, of PA may increase adolescent PA participation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".