Painful and non‐painful comorbidities associated with short‐ and long‐term painful temporomandibular disorders: A cross‐sectional study among adolescents from Brazil, Canada and France
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain is common among adolescents. The association between painful TMD and other comorbidities has been demonstrated. However, the difference between short‐term (<6 months) and long‐term (≥ 6 months) painful TMD is not yet clear. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the association between comorbidities and short‐ and long‐term painful TMD among adolescents. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, adolescents were recruited from Montreal (Canada), Nice (France) and Arceburgo (Brazil). Self‐reported painful TMD, comorbidities, school absence and analgesic intake were assessed using reliable instruments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the study aims. Results The prevalence of short‐ and long‐term painful TMD was estimated at 22.29% and 9.93% respectively. The number of comorbidities was associated with short‐ (OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.53–1.90) and long‐term painful TMD (OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.55–2.08) compared to controls. Frequent headaches (OR short‐term = 4.39, 95%CI = 3.23–5.98, OR long‐term = 3.69, 95%CI = 2.45–5.57) and back pain (OR short‐term = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.06–2.03, OR long‐term = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.11–2.59) were associated with both painful TMD groups. Frequent neck pain (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.53–3.26) and allergies were only associated with short‐term painful TMD (OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.13–2.10). Frequent stomach pain was related to long‐term (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.35–3.26), and it was the only comorbidity significantly more frequent among the long than short‐term TMD (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.14–2.90). These analyses were adjusted by sex, age and city. Conclusion In this multi‐centre study, both short‐ and long‐term painful TMD are associated with frequent headaches and back pain, whereas frequent neck pain and allergies are related to only short‐term and frequent stomach pain with long‐term painful TMD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".