A second decade of overwintering hummingbirds in Florida and Alabama
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For a second decade, from November 2008 to March 2018, we examined the species diversity, return rate, longevity, and migration routes of hummingbirds overwintering in southern Alabama and the panhandle, northern peninsula, and central peninsula of Florida. We captured and banded 11 species of hummingbirds (n= 1,870 individuals), including 931 Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus; 49%), 583 Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris; 31%), 219 Black-chinned Hummingbirds (A. alexandri; 12%), 49 Buff-bellied Hummingbirds (Amazilia yucatanensis), 49 Calliope Hummingbirds (S. calliope), 19 Allen's Hummingbirds (S. sasin), 11 Broad-tailed Hummingbirds (S. platycercus), 6 Broad-billed Hummingbirds (Cynanthus latriostris), 1 Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna), 1 Costa's Hummingbird (Calypte costae), and 1 White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis). Site fidelity was high, with 299 hummingbirds of 5 species returning at least once. Two Rufous Hummingbirds migrated to our study area in the autumn from the West (Oklahoma and Texas). One Ruby-throated Hummingbird banded in Lakeland, Florida, was recovered in Utopia, New Brunswick, Canada, suggesting the overwintering Ruby-throated Hummingbirds in our study area are migratory and not sedentary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".