Eco-benign PVA/aluminum phosphate as an alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives in wood-based panels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aluminum phosphate (AP) shows great potential to replace formaldehyde-based adhesives in the wood industry, except for its weak hygroscopic resistance and low wet bonding strength. This study chose PVA as an AP modifier to prepare a PVA-AP organic-inorganic hybrid adhesive (PAP). The preparation, bonding mechanism and heat resistant property of PAP were studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that covalent bonds between PVA and AP were built. The mechanical properties of PAP improved remarkably; the dry and wet bonding strength are 2.28 and 0.79 MPa with 15.2% and 690% increment, respectively, compared to the control samples. The thermostabilities of PAP and plywood samples were improved. In conclusion, PVA could effectively improve the hygroscopic resistance and low wet bonding strength of AP adhesives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".