N, O-polydentate ligands for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Part III)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Pd catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have played a crucial role in accomplishing different valuable organic transformations. These transformations involve the use of homogeneous as well as heterogeneous Pd catalysts. A large variety of ligands have been used in Pd catalyzed coupling reactions. Traditionally, these transformations have been carried out by various phosphine-based ligands. The phosphine ligands are suffering from poor air, moisture, and thermal stability. Hence, in recent years phosphine-free ligands such as N-heterocyclic carbenes and amines have been attracted great attention in the field of catalysis. Though the N-containing ligands have showed comparatively low activity as compared to phosphine and carbene-based ligands, most importantly, these complexes have broad scope in catalysis, as they represent a low cost, less toxic, good moisture, thermal and air stability as well as environmentally friendly. In this review, we present the developments made in the field of Pd complexes of N and O donor ligands in various cross-coupling reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".