The violence of silencing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In December 2020, the International Review of Law and Economics (IRLE) published an article by Harvard law professor J. Mark Ramseyer, ‘Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War’, that is premised on the unsupported and scholarly-consensus-defying claim that thousands of young women and girls mostly from Korea, who ended up in Japanese military ‘comfort women’ stations during the Pacific War, were paid sex workers. Scholars were quick to criticize Ramseyer’s research and the journal’s decision to publish, but we argue that the full significance of the Ramseyer affair can only be seen by situating his article within an historically nuanced understanding about gender-based violence in general and the sexualization and fetisishization of Asian women in particular. We do so by using feminist inquiry to better understand the embodied and intimate experiences of Japan’s ‘comfort women’ scheme and the implications of Ramseyer’s denial of their lived experiences. Our approach attends to the visceral, intimate and affective matters that are clearly overlooked in Ramseyer’s piece.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.043 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".