PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER FROM KAHA RIVER, IN GONDAR TOWN, ETHIOPIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Surface waters are habitats for aquatic plants and animals and source of nations’ development. Particularly, rivers are important source of drinking water supply and they have a remarkable role to nations’ development. However, currently, rivers face pollution due to rapid agricultural expansion, urbanization, industrialization and land use change. Objective: the current study was carried out during February to August 2014 to assess the status of physico-chemical parameters of Kaha River water. Some of the main physico-chemical parameters: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) measured on site while others like NO3 and PO4were determined in lab. Methods: Water samples were collected monthly during dry (February to May, 2014) and wet (July to August, 2014) seasons from four representative sites. At the same frequency, duration and sites in situphysico-chemical parameters measurements were deployed. Results: The pH of Kaha River water varied from 4.86 to 8.06 with mean value 7.15; the surface water temperature from 19oC to 29oC with mean 24oC; conductivity from 2.50mS/cm to 6.10mS/cm and mean value 3.74; total dissolved solid from 148.88mg/l to 360mg/l and mean value 203.71mg/l. The minimum salinity recorded was 0.99mg/l and the maximum 3.10mg/l with value 1.70mg/l and dissolved oxygen between 4.98mg/l to 8.15mg/l with mean value 6.77mg/l. In addition, nitrate was varied from 0.06mg/l to 2.60mg/l with mean value 0.74mg/l and phosphate from 0.04mg/l to 7.13mg/l with mean value2.28mg/l. Conclusion: in this study, the mean value of pH was within the permissible limit of EEPA and World Bank standard values. The values of DO are within the permissible limit of Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Moreover, temperature, TDS and nitrate are below the limit of WHO and EC and phosphate are beyond the limit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".