The Effect of Simulated Seasonal Temperatures On Metarhizium Brunneum-Associated Mortality In Two Click Beetle Species, And A Degree-Day Infection Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), the larvae of adult click beetles are subterranean and generalist crop pests that can be difficult to target. Targeting adult beetles, however, may be an effective method to lower wireworm populations. Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) kills click beetles but the mortality rate was expected to vary according to temperature. Using a thermal gradient plate to simulate daily oscillating temperatures for April, May, and June, the effectiveness of M. brunneum strains LRC112 and F52 in causing mortality to Agriotes obscurus (L.) and A. lineatus (L.) beetles was studied. Mortality was fastest in beetles exposed to June temperatures and slowest in those exposed to April temperatures, with differences among beetle species x M. brunneum strain combinations. Warmer temperatures resulted in more rapid mycelial outgrowth and conidiation in beetle cadavers, with only A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 attaining near 100% conidiation. The number of degree days required to kill 50% of the beetles (LDD 50 ) was least for A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 (176) followed by A. obscurus x M. brunneum F52 (212), A. lineatus x M. brunneum LRC112 (215), and A. lineatus x M. brunneum F52 (292). Hypothetical calculations showed that M. brunneum exposure earlier in the season resulted in a longer LT 50 but the earliest LT 50 calendar date. Later M. brunneum exposure dates resulted in lower LT 50 ’s, but later LT 50 dates. This conceptual work demonstrates the importance of considering daily temperature oscillations, seasonality, and degree days in predicting the efficacy of entomopathogens to manage agricultural pests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".