Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance responds dynamically to short and long-term warming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Heat-induced inhibition of photosynthesis is a key factor in declining wheat performance and yield. Variation in wheat heat tolerance can be characterised using the critical temperature ( T crit ) above which incipient damage to the photosynthetic machinery occurs. We investigated intraspecies variation and plasticity of wheat T crit under elevated temperature in field and controlled environment experiments. We also assessed whether intraspecies variation in wheat T crit mirrors patterns of global interspecies variation in heat tolerance reported for mostly wild, woody plants. In the field, wheat T crit varied through the course of a day, peaking at noon and lowest at sunrise, and increased as plants developed from heading to anthesis and grain filling. Under controlled temperature conditions, heat stress (36°C) was associated with a rapid rise in wheat T crit (i.e. within two hours of heat stress) that peaked after 3–4 days. These peaks in T crit indicate a physiological limitation to photosystem II heat tolerance. Analysis of a global dataset (comprising 183 Triticum and wild wheat ( Aegilops ) species) generated from the current study and a systematic literature review showed that wheat leaf T crit varied by up to 20°C (about two-thirds of reported global plant interspecies variation). However, unlike global patterns of interspecies T crit variation which has been linked to latitude of genotype origin, intraspecific variation in wheat T crit was unrelated to that. Yet, the observed genotypic variation and plasticity of wheat T crit suggests that this trait could be a useful tool for high-throughput phenotyping of wheat photosynthetic heat tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".