Serologic and Molecular Evidence of Widespread Infection of Avian Hepatitis E Virus in Poultry Farms of Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome is caused by avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), a nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. The economic importance of this disease in the poultry industry is due to the decline in egg production (10%–40%) and the rise in mortality (1%–4%). In the present study, 1540 serum samples from 33 broiler breeder flocks were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of an anti-aHEV antibody. In addition, a diagnostic nested reverse transcriptase-PCR was done on all farm samples. In the serologic study, 66.7% (22/33) of the flocks and 28.5% (439/1540) of the chickens were positive. The molecular study showed that three farms were positive, and PCR products were observed for the conserved regions of the aHEV helicase and capsid virus genes as 386 bp and 242 bp, respectively. It should be noted that clinical and pathologic symptoms including decreased egg production, enlarged livers and spleens, and a slight rise in mortality rate were observed in eight farms. To our knowledge, this is the first documented study on the aHEV identification and its antibody detection in broiler breeder farms in Iran.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".