Constrained Abridged Gaussian Sum Extended Kalman Filter: Constrained Nonlinear Systems with Non-Gaussian Noises and Uncertainties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a constrained abridged Gaussian sum extended Kalman filter (constrained AGS–EKF) that employs Gaussian mixture models to improve the estimation of extended Kalman filter (EKF) for constrained nonlinear applications involving non-zero mean non-Gaussian process uncertainties and measurement noises. The posterior estimation step in EKF is modified to adopt non-Gaussian measurement noises. An intermediate step is considered to approximate the non-Gaussian prior distribution of the constrained states at each sampling interval. This modified EKF also considers the modified prior estimation step proposed in AGS–EKF (to capture the non-Gaussian process uncertainties). Constrained AGS–EKF performs one (modified) EKF based on the mean value and covariance matrix of the overall Gaussian mixture model, thus avoiding additional computational costs and biased estimations observed in conventional Gaussian sum filters. Computational experiments were performed and showed that the proposed constrained AGS–EKF scheme is computationally efficient and provides appropriate estimates for applications involving active constraints on states, non-Gaussian process uncertainties, and measurement noises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".