The Influence of External Stakeholders in Shaping Mining CSR Practices in Canada and the Philippines and their Impacts on Local Communities: A Case Study on San Roque Metals Inc. in Mindanao, Philippines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As social and environmental issues become more pronounced in the mining industry, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of multinational enterprises and the external influences that shape these practices have become increasingly critical concepts in international business and socio-ecological discourse. CSR initiatives across the mining industry address the negative externalities of mining operations and seek to actualize the greatest social, environmental and economic benefits of the extractive sector across all stakeholders involved. However, CSR practices and their effectiveness are known to be significantly shaped by international, national and civil society institutions. Gaps in knowledge within literature identifies a lack of understanding in respect to mining company- community relations and the effectiveness of environmental CSR approaches at the local level. These findings pose the opportunity to inform Canadian mining industries, both locally and globally, of CSR frameworks that contribute towards the social and environmental resiliency of local communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".