Wild guppies from populations exposed to higher predation risk exhibit greater vasotocin brain gene expression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Intraspecific variation in social behaviour is often observed among animal populations. Local predation risk can be a key driver of these differences, with populations that are exposed to greater threat typically showing greater aggregation and reduced intraspecific aggression. The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata , is found in populations that vary dramatically in predation risk and show greater grouping and reduced agonism in high‐predation populations compared to low‐predation populations. The neurohormonal mechanisms that underpin these differences in behaviour across populations remain unknown and elucidating these mechanisms may help us to understand the evolution of behavioural diversity in this species. We predicted that guppies naturally exposed to higher predation risk would show greater expression of the isotocin system and reduced expression of the vasotocin system when compared to low‐predation fish, because these peptides are thought to promote gregariousness and aggressivity respectively. We collected guppies of both sexes from high‐ and low‐predation sites, replicated in two different Trinidadian rivers, and measured the brain gene expression of isotocin and vasotocin along with their central receptors. Contrary to our prediction, we found that high‐predation guppies showed greater expression of vasotocin, while we did not find evidence that the populations differed in isotocin expression, nor in the expression of the receptors. These results support the hypothesis that vasotocin may act as a neural substrate for social variation in fishes but call into question generalisations about its specific role across species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".